Pharmacokinetics, sometimes described as what the body does to a drug, refers to the movement of drug into, though, and out of the body-the time course of its absorption, bioavailability, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Pharmacodynamics, described as what a drug does to the body, involves receptor binding, post receptor effects, and chemical interactions. Drug pharmacokinetics determines the onset, duration, and intensity of a drug’s effect. Formulas relating these processes summarize the pharmacokinetic behavior of most drugs.
Pharmacokinetics of a drug depends on patient-related factors as well as on the drug’s chemical properties. Some patient-related factors (e.g., renal function, genetic makeup, sex, age) can be used to predict the pharmacokinetic parameters in populations. For example, the half-life of some drugs, especially those that require both metabolism and excretion, may be remarkably long in older people.
Other factors are related to individual physiology. The effects of some individual factors (e.g., renal failure, obesity, hepatic failure, dehydration) can be reasonably predicted, but other factors are idiosyncratic and thus have unpredictable effects. Because of individual differences, drug administration must be based on each patient’s needs-traditionally, by empirically adjusting dosage until the therapeutic objective is met. This approach is frequently inadequate because it can delay optimal response or result in adverse effects.
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Pharmacokinetics: Competitive Landscape and Key Developments:
- Charles River Laboratories International Inc.
- Eurofins Scientific SE
- Evotec SE
- Certara Inc.
- Parexel International Corp
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
- Allucent
- PACIFIC BIOLABS
- SGS SA
- Shanghai Medicilon Inc.
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